This is built from a design shared by Look Mum No Computer. It is apparently similar/based on the Korg MS20 Low Pass VCF. It uses a normal opamp, which I sort of understand, and a transconductance op amp, which I still struggle to.
LMNC's writeup above is largely construction based, without a ton of detail on how this circuit works. There a bunch more info here on (Synth DIY)[https://wiki.synthdiy.com/modules/vcf/ms-20-filter/], with a few variations. None of this is an exact science, you often see schematics that are small variations on other designs with a few parts here and there swapped based on cost or availability.
It sounds really nice with a bit of feedback turned on, and with some white noise shoved in there you can get perfect haunted-house style wind blowing sounds.